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Compare Tokelau (2004) - Bosnia and Herzegovina (2001)

Compare Tokelau (2004) z Bosnia and Herzegovina (2001)

 Tokelau (2004)Bosnia and Herzegovina (2001)
 TokelauBosnia and Herzegovina
Administrative divisions none (territory of New Zealand) there are two first-order administrative divisions - the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federacija Bosna i Hercegovina) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska; note - Brcko in northeastern Bosnia is a self-governing administrative unit under the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina; it is not part of either the Federation or Republika Srpska
Age structure 0-14 years: 42%


15-64 years: 53%


65 years and over: 5% (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
20.13% (male 405,713; female 383,850)

15-64 years:
70.78% (male 1,422,796; female 1,353,410)

65 years and over:
9.09% (male 150,802; female 205,634) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables; livestock
Airports none; lagoon landings are possible by amphibious aircraft (2003 est.) 28 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
9

2,438 to 3,047 m:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
19

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
11 (2000 est.)
Area total: 10 sq km


land: 10 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
51,129 sq km

land:
51,129 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925. Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991, was followed by a referendum for independence from the former Yugoslavia in February 1992. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties signed a peace agreement that brought to a halt the three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Agreement retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a joint multi-ethnic and democratic government. This national government is charged with conducting foreign, economic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government comprised of two entities roughly equal in size: the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments are charged with overseeing internal functions. In 1995-96, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops served in Bosnia to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) whose mission is to deter renewed hostilities. SFOR remains in place at a level of approximately 21,000 troops.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population 12.86 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $430,800


expenditures: $2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.)
revenues:
$1.9 billion

expenditures:
$2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital none; each atoll has its own administrative center Sarajevo
Climate tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast
Coastline 101 km 20 km
Constitution administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970 the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December 1995, included a new constitution now in force
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Tokelau
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Bosnia and Herzegovina

local long form:
none

local short form:
Bosna i Hercegovina
Currency New Zealand dollar (NZD) marka (BAM)
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population 7.99 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $0 $3.4 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution and developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of New Zealand) chief of mission:
Ambassador Thomas J. MILLER

embassy:
Alipasina 43, 71000 Sarajevo

mailing address:
use street address

telephone:
[387] (33) 445-700

FAX:
[387] (33) 659-722

branch office(s):
Banja Luka, Mostar
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of New Zealand) chief of mission:
Ambassador Igor DAVIDOVIC

chancery:
2109 E Street NW, Washington, DC 20037

telephone:
[1] (202) 337-1500

FAX:
[1] (202) 337-1502

consulate(s) general:
New York
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient from New Zealand about $4 million annually $1 billion (1999 est.)
Economy - overview Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services, with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand. Bosnia and Herzegovina ranked next to The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia as the poorest republic in the old Yugoslav federation. Although agriculture is almost all in private hands, farms are small and inefficient, and the republic traditionally is a net importer of food. Industry has been greatly overstaffed, one reflection of the socialist economic structure of Yugoslavia. TITO had pushed the development of military industries in the republic with the result that Bosnia hosted a large share of Yugoslavia's defense plants. The bitter interethnic warfare in Bosnia caused production to plummet by 80% from 1990 to 1995, unemployment to soar, and human misery to multiply. With an uneasy peace in place, output recovered in 1996-98 at high percentage rates from a low base; but output growth slowed appreciably in 1999 and 2000, and GDP remains far below the 1990 level. Economic data are of limited use because, although both entities issue figures, national-level statistics are not available. Moreover, official data do not capture the large share of activity that occurs on the black market. The marka - the national currency introduced in 1998 - has gained wide acceptance, and the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina has dramatically increased its reserve holdings. Implementation of privatization, however, has been slower than anticipated. Banking reform accelerated in early 2001 as all the communist-era payments bureaus were shut down. The country receives substantial amounts of reconstruction assistance and humanitarian aid from the international community but will have to prepare for an era of declining assistance.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 2.684 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 150 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 430 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production NA kWh 2.585 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
38.68%

hydro:
61.32%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 5 m
lowest point:
Adriatic Sea 0 m

highest point:
Maglic 2,386 m
Environment - current issues very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand air pollution from metallurgical plants; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; water shortages and destruction of infrastructure because of the 1992-95 civil strife
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Air Pollution, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Polynesian Serb 31%, Bosniak 44%, Croat 17%, Yugoslav 5.5%, other 2.5% (1991)

note:
Bosniak has replaced muslim as an ethnic term in part to avoid confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam
Exchange rates New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.154 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999) marka per US dollar - 2.086 (January 2001), 2.124 (2000), 1.837 (1999), 1.760 (1998), 1.734 (1997), 0.015 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Neil WALTER (since NA 2002)


head of government: Aliki Faipule Kuresa NASAU (since 2004) note - position rotates annually among members of the cabinet


cabinet: the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders - one from each atoll - functions as a cabinet


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term
chief of state:
Chairman of the Presidency Jozo KRIZANOVI (chairman since 14 June 2001, presidency member since NA March 2001 - Croat); other members of the three-member rotating (every 8 months) presidency: Zivko RADISIC (since 13 October 1998 - Serb) and Beriz BELKIC (since NA March 2001 - Bosniak); note - Ante JELAVIC was dismissed from his post by the UN High Representative in March 2001

head of government:
Chairman of the Council of Ministers Zlatko LAGUMDZIJA (since 18 July 2001)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers nominated by the council chairman; approved by the National House of Representatives

elections:
the three members of the presidency (one Bosniak, one Croat, one Serb) are elected by popular vote for a four-year term; the member with the most votes becomes the chairman unless he or she was the incumbent chairman at the time of the election; election last held 12-13 September 1998 (next to be held NA September 2002); the chairman of the Council of Ministers is appointed by the presidency and confirmed by the National House of Representatives

election results:
percent of vote - Zivko RADISIC with 52% of the Serb vote was elected chairman of the collective presidency for the first 8 months; Ante JELAVIC with 52% of the Croat vote followed RADISIC in the rotation; Alija IZETBEGOVIC with 87% of the Bosniak vote won the highest number of votes in the election but was ineligible to serve a second term until RADISIC and JELAVIC had each served a first term as Chairman of the Presidency; IZETBEGOVIC retired from the presidency 14 October 2000 and was temporarily replaced by Halid GENJAC; Ante JELAVIC was replaced by Jozo KRIZANOVIC in March 2001

note:
President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Karlo FILIPOVIC (since 27 February 2001); Vice President Safet HALILOVIC (since 27 February 2001); note - president and vice president rotate every year; President of the Republika Srpska: Mirko SAROVIC (since 11 November 2000)
Exports $98,000 f.o.b. (1983) $950 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities stamps, copra, handicrafts NA
Exports - partners New Zealand (2000) Croatia, Switzerland, Italy, Germany
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description the flag of New Zealand is used a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag; the remainder of the flag is medium blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle
GDP purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.) purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA
agriculture:
19%

industry:
23%

services:
58% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA 8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 9 00 S, 172 00 W 44 00 N, 18 00 E
Geography - note consists of three atolls, each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over three meters above sea level within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority
Heliports - 4 (2000 est.)
Highways total: NA km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km
total:
21,846 km

paved:
14,020 km

unpaved:
7,826 km

note:
road system is in need of maintenance and repair (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs - minor transit point for marijuana and opiate trafficking routes to Western Europe
Imports $323,000 c.i.f. (1983) $2.45 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, building materials, fuel NA
Imports - partners New Zealand (2000) Croatia, Slovenia, Germany, Italy
Independence none (territory of New Zealand) 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia)
Industrial production growth rate NA 10% (2000 est.)
Industries small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil refining
Infant mortality rate total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
24.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA 8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation UNESCO (associate), UPU BIS, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 3 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 20 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau BiH Constitutional Court (consists of nine members: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's House of Representatives, two members by the Republika Srpska's National Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the president of the European Court of Human Rights)

note:
a new state court, established in November 1999, has jurisdiction over cases related to state-level law and appellate jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities; the entities each have a Supreme Court; each entity also has a number of lower courts; there are ten cantonal courts in the Federation, plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpska has five municipal courts
Labor force NA 1.026 million
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries 0 km total:
1,459 km

border countries:
Croatia 932 km, Yugoslavia 527 km
Land use arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
arable land:
14%

permanent crops:
5%

permanent pastures:
20%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
22% (1993 est.)
Languages Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian
Legal system New Zealand and local statutes based on civil law system
Legislative branch unicameral General Fono (48 seats; 15 members from each of the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms and the 3 island village mayors [pulenuku]); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina consists of the National House of Representatives or Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats - 14 Serb, 14 Croat, and 14 Bosniak; members elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms) and the House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats - 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members elected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's House of Representatives and the Republika Srpska's National Assembly to serve two-year terms); note - as of 1 January 2001, Bosnia and Herzegovina does not have a permanent election law; a draft law specifies four-year terms for the state and first-order administrative division entity legislatures; officials elected in 2000 were elected to two-year terms on the presumption that a permanent law would be in place before 2002

elections:
National House of Representatives - elections last held 11 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2002); House of Peoples - last constituted after the 11 November 2000 elections (next to be constituted in the fall of 2002)

election results:
National House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDP 9, SDA 8, SDS 6, HDZ-BiH 5, SBH 5, PDP 2, NHI 1, BPS 1, DPS 1, SNS 1, SNSD-DSP 1, DNZ 1, SPRS 1; House of Peoples - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA%; seats by party/coalition - NA

note:
the Bosniak/Croat Federation has a bicameral legislature that consists of a House of Representatives (140 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); elections last held 11 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDA 38, SDP 37, HDZ-BiH 25, SBH 21, DNZ 3, NHI 2, BPS 2, DPS 2, BOSS 2, GDS 1, RP 1, HSS 1, LDS 1, Pensioners' Party of FBiH 1, SNSD-DSP 1, HKDU 1, HSP 1; and a House of Peoples (74 seats - 30 Bosniak, 30 Croat, and 14 others); last constituted November 2000; the Republika Srpska has a National Assembly (83 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); elections last held 11 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDS 31, PDP 11, SNSD 11, SDA 6, DSP 4, SDP 4, SPRS 4, SBH 4, DNS 3, SNS 2, NHI 1, DSRS 1, Pensioners' Party 1; as of 1 January 2001, Bosnia and Herzegovina does not have a permanent election law; a draft law specifies four-year terms for the state and first-order administrative division entity legislatures; officials elected in 2000 were elected to two-year terms on the presumption that a permanent law would be in place before 2002
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: 68 years


female: 70 years (2004 est.)
total population:
71.75 years

male:
69.04 years

female:
74.65 years (2001 est.)
Literacy NA definition:
NA

total population:
NA%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia
Map references Oceania Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
NA
Merchant marine none none (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of New Zealand -
Military branches - Federation Army or VF (composed of both Croatian and Bosniak elements), Republika Srpska Army or VRS (composed of Bosnian Serb elements); note - within both of these forces air and air defense are subordinate commands
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
1,127,146 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
895,780 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 19 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
29,757 (2001 est.)
National holiday Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) National Day, 25 November (1943)
Nationality noun: Tokelauan(s)


adjective: Tokelauan
noun:
Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s)

adjective:
Bosnian, Herzegovinian
Natural hazards lies in Pacific typhoon belt destructive earthquakes
Natural resources NEGL coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, forests, copper, chromium, lead, zinc, hydropower
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population 8.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 174 km; natural gas 90 km (1992)
Political parties and leaders none Bosnian Party or BOSS [Mirnes AJANOVIC]; Bosnian Patriotic Party or BPS [Sefer HALILOVIC]; Civic Democratic Party of BiH or GDS [Ibrahim SPAHIC]; Croat Christian Democratic Union or HKDU BiH [Ante PASALIC]; Croatian Democratic Union of BiH or HDZ-BiH [leader vacant]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Zdravko HRSTIC]; Croatian Peasants Party of BiH or HSS-BiH [Ilija SIMIC]; Democratic Action Party or SDA [Alija IZETBEGOVIC]; Democratic National Alliance or DNS [Dragan KOSTIC]; Democratic Party of Pensioners or DPS [Alojz KNEZOVIC]; Democratic Party of RS or DSRS [Dragomir DUMIC]; Democratic Peoples Union or DNZ [Fikret ABDIC]; Democratic Socialist Party or DSP [Nebojsa RADMANOVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Rasim KADIC]; New Croatian Initiative or NHI [Kresimir ZUBAK]; Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina or SBH [Haris SILAJDZIC]; Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Mladen IVANIC]; Party of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK]; Pensioners' Party of FBiH [Husein VOJNIKOVIC]; Pensioners' Party of SR [Stojan BOGOSAVAC]; Republican Party of BiH or RP [Stjepan KLJUIC]; Serb Democratic Party or Serb Lands or SDS [Dragan KALINIC]; Serb National Alliance (Serb People's Alliance) or SNS [Biljana PLAVSIC]; Social Democratic Party BIH or SDP-BiH [Zlatko LAGUMDZIJA]; Socialist Party of Republika Srpska or SPRS [Zivko RADISIC]
Political pressure groups and leaders none NA
Population 1,405 (July 2004 est.) 3,922,205

note:
all data dealing with population are subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA NA%
Population growth rate -0.01% (2004 est.) 1.38% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava), Orasje
Radio broadcast stations AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA


note: each atoll has a radio broadcast station of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998)
AM 8, FM 16, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios - 940,000 (1997)
Railways - total:
1,021 km (electrified 795 km; operating as diesel or steam until grids are repaired)

standard gauge:
1,021 km 1.435-m gauge; note - many segments still need repair and/or reconstruction (2000)
Religions Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%


note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant
Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Roman Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 10%
Sex ratio NA at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.73 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: radiotelephone service between islands


international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997
general assessment:
telephone and telegraph network is in need of modernization and expansion; many urban areas are below average when compared with services in other former Yugoslav republics

domestic:
NA

international:
no satellite earth stations
Telephones - main lines in use 300 (2002) 303,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (2001) 9,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations - 33 (plus 277 repeaters) (September 1995)
Terrain low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons mountains and valleys
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman 1.71 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA 35%-40% (1999 est.)
Waterways - NA km; large sections of the Sava blocked by downed bridges, silt, and debris
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